One of the most valuable results of this genome sequencing effort was that epigenetic and chromatin remodeling-centered processes were closely linked to cancer development ( 1). In this review, we introduced chromatin dynamics including chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility, and current research on chromatin regulation in digestive system tumors was also summarized.įollowing a 19-year effort to sequence the full human genome, the landscape of human cancers began to be revealed. Intervention at the chromatin level can change the process of cancer earlier and is a feasible option for future tumor diagnosis and treatment. Variation of chromatin dynamics produces early and superior regulation of the expression of related genes and downstream pathways, thereby controlling tumor development. The dynamic changes are affected by various complexes and epigenetic modifications. Structural fluctuations expose internal DNA and thus provide access to the nuclear machinery. The dynamic structure of chromatin plays a key role in this regulatory function. Chromatin and nucleosomes control the stability of the eukaryotic genome and regulate DNA processes such as transcription, replication, and repair. Chromatin is the carrier of genetic information and consists of DNA, histones, non-histone proteins, and a small amount of RNA. Epigenomic alterations including histone modification and chromatin remodeling are present in human cancers and are now known to cooperate with genetic changes to drive the cancer phenotype. Although a great number of studies are devoted to the molecular biological mechanism, early diagnostic markers, and application of new targeted drugs in digestive system tumors, the therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory. Epidemiological statistics has verified that digestive system tumors rank first in tumor-related death. Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinaĭigestive system tumors have a poor prognosis due to complex anatomy, insidious onset, challenges in early diagnosis, and chemoresistance.Zeru Li †, Bangbo Zhao †, Cheng Qin, Yuanyang Wang, Tianhao Li and Weibin Wang *
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